What Is the Crime of Aiding and Abetting

The charge of aiding and abetting can be brought against anyone who directly helps someone else in the commission of a  crime, even if they do not participate in the actual crime itself. Specifically, a person is guilty of aiding and abetting if he willfully aids, abets, counsels, commands, induces or procures the commission of a crime. Aiding and abetting can be a charge related to any common crime. Unlike the  crime of accessory, in which someone aids another person who commits a criminal act, the crime of aiding abetting also includes anyone who willfully gets someone else to commit a crime on their behalf. Whereas an accessory to a crime usually faces lesser punishment than the person who actually committed the crime, someone charged with aiding and abetting is punished as a principal in the crime, just as if they performed it. If anyone puts into motion the plan to commit a crime, they can be charged with that crime even if they intentionally refrained from participating in the actual criminal act itself. Elements of Aiding and Abetting According to the Justice Department, there are four major elements in the crimes of aiding and abetting: That the accused had specific intent to help in the commission of a crime by another;That the accused had the requisite intent of the underlying substantive offense;That the accused assisted or participated in the commission of the underlying substantive offense; andThat someone committed the underlying offense. An Example of Aiding and Abetting Jack worked as a kitchen helper at a  popular seafood restaurant. His brother-in-law Thomas told him that he wanted to  Ã‚  and  that all Jack would have to do is leave the back door of the restaurant unlocked the following night and he would give him 30 percent of the stolen money. Jack had always complained to Thomas that the restaurants manager was a lazy drunk. He would  especially complain on the nights that he was late leaving work because the manager was too busy drinking at the bar and wouldnt get up and unlock the back door so that Jack could do his trash run and go home.   Jack told Thomas that there were times that he would wait for up to 45 minutes for the manager to unlock the back door, but that lately things were better because he started handing Jack the restaurant keys so that he could let himself in and out. Once Jack was finished with the trash, he and the other employees would finally get to leave work, but as was policy, they all had to leave together out the front door. The manager and bartender would then hang out almost every night for at least another hour  while enjoying a few more rounds of drinks.   Angry with his boss for wasting his time and jealous that he and the bartender sat around drinking free drinks, Jack agreed to Thomas request to forget to relock the back door the next night. The Robbery The next night after taking out the trash, Jack purposely left the back door unlocked as was planned. Thomas then slipped through the unlocked door and into the restaurant, put a gun to the surprised managers head and forced him to unlock the safe.  What Thomas did not know was that there was a silent alarm under the bar that the bartender was able to activate. When Thomas heard police sirens approaching, he grabbed as much of the money from the safe as he could and ran out the back door. He managed to slip by the police and make it to his ex-girlfriends apartment, whose name was Janet. After hearing about his close call with the police and his generous offer to compensate her by giving her a percentage of the money he got from robbing the restaurant, she agreed to let him hide from the police at her place for a while. The Charges Thomas was later arrested for robbing the restaurant and in a plea deal, he provided the police with the details of his crime, including Jack’s and Janets names.   Because Jack was aware that Thomas intended to rob the restaurant by gaining access through the door that Jack purposely left unlocked, he was charged with aiding and abetting, even though he was not present when the robbery took place. Janet was charged with aiding and abetting because she had knowledge of the crime and helped Thomas avoid arrest by letting him hide at her apartment. She also profited financially from the crime. It does not matter that her involvement came after (and not before) the crime was committed.

To Kill a Mockingbird and The Help - 835 Words

Compare how the theme of courage is explored in To Kill a Mockingbird and The Help? Mental and moral courage are different types of courage that are demonstrated in To Kill a Mockingbird, written by Harper Lee and The Help, directed by Tate Taylor. These can be compared and contrasted by sharing similarities and differences through dialogue, characterisation, plot techniques and the opinions through the eyes of different characters. These techniques are also used to help an audience understand the different meanings of courage that are demonstrated in these two texts. Courage is expressed by characterisation, dialogue and plot. Showing or explaining the different personality traits of each character highlights the acts of courage through characterisation. Characterisation is the main technique that can be compared and contrasted between To Kill a Mockingbird and The Help. Although every character is different, some of their beliefs, opinions and actions are similar, which assists in creating a greater understanding of courageous, or cowardly approaches shown in each character. Two very courageous characters in The Help and To Kill a Mockingbird are Atticus Finch and Eugenia Skeeter. Both characters are similar in the way that they both believe they should stand up to what they believe in by going against the social norms. Atticus Finch defended a black man â€Å"I’m simply defending a Negro – his name’s Tom Robinson† (p83). Miss Skeeter hoped to write about theShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee And The Help By Kathryn Stockett1402 Words   |  6 PagesInnovative and informed people can look past racism and suppress it. However, ignorant and uninformed people contribute to racism and amplify it. This becomes clear when you compare characters from the novels To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee and The Help by Kathryn Stockett. These characters include innovative minds such as Atticus and Skeeter, or ignorant minds like Bob Ewell and Hilly. Even children contribute to racism such as Mae Mobley and Cecil Jacobs. Wi th racism becoming an ever growingRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee And The Movie The Help By Tate Taylor1037 Words   |  5 Pagesknow. The novel To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee and the movie The Help by Tate Taylor, are based on similar ideas of how discrimination has made an impact on everyday lives of people who look different and have different beliefs. To Kill A Mockingbird was published in 1960 but is based on the times of 1930’s, a time of the Jim Crow Laws. In the 1930’s, discrimination was a big complication. It is based on the racially charged events of the early 1930’s. Similarly, The Help is set in the earlyRead MoreBreaking Standards in Society in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird, Kathryn Stocketts The Help and William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet946 Words   |  4 Pages Human behavior is often based of the laws and expectations set by community surrounding them. Breaking these norms results in many arrays of emotions. To Kill a Mo ckingbird by Harper Lee, Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, and The Help by Kathryn Stockett all exemplify the consequences of breaking standards in societies with set norms to uphold. The various authors have crafted societies that behave in distinct manners, and classify people as either normal, or abnormal. These works show thatRead MoreExplain the significance of the mockingbird in the novel. Who are they and what do they represent?748 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Explain the significance of the mockingbird in the novel. Who are they and what do they represent? The Mockingbird has a very deep and powerful meaning in Harper Lee’s novel To Kill A Mockingbird. It represents peacefulness, innocence and kindness which is portrayed through the characters of Boo Radley and Tom Robinson. The mockingbirds influence can also be applied to the relationships between humans. The Mockingbird is a powerful symbol that echoes a strong meaning throughout the novel. Read MoreAnalysis Of Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 1491 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee’s ​ To Kill a Mockingbird ​ is a critically acclaimed, Pulitzer Prize winning novel that instantly attained its position as one of the greatest literary classics (Editors).The story of Scout Finch’s childhood has become one of the most notable narratives that addresses controversial issues present in the early 20th century. Lee’s novel depicts themes of race, justice, and innocence throughout the novel. Although ​ To Kill a Mockingbird​ is regarded as a literary masterpiece in AmericanRead MoreThe Significance of the Title of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Significance of the Title of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee The title of this novel is To Kill a Mockingbird and throughout the book the word mockingbird appears several times. The mockingbird is the most significant symbol in the novel. The motif of the story is the innocent creature of the mockingbird. What is a mockingbird? A mockingbird is a type of finch. It is a small plain bird and has a beautiful song. It got its name because its beautiful sing mocks Read MoreThe Characters Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pagesare plenty of important characters in the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird. The story chronicles life through the eyes of young children, but also shows first hand accounts of racist adults in the small town of Holcomb. This book is so unique because symbolism is avidly used. The main characters in To Kill a Mockingbird are symbolized as mockingbirds. There are many different situations where a character can be categorized as a mockingbird. A mockingbird can be a meek man accused of a crime, or a youngRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird and A Time to Kill: Similarities and Differences818 Words   |  4 PagesA Time to Kill and To Kill a Mockingbird both have a number of similarities to be compared and contrasted. Both stories can be compared in their themes about justice and racial prejudice. However, this is where the similarities en d. The themes and ideas in both novels are vastly different in shape and scope. In A Time to Kill justice is the main theme and most of the ideas are focused on justice and the gray in between the lines of black and white set by the law, racial prejudice is also touchedRead MoreA Mockingbird Is A Harmless Thing That Makes The World A Better Place?1352 Words   |  6 PagesA mockingbird is a harmless thing that makes the world a better place. In To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee the mockingbird is Tom Robinson and Boo Radley, who are both pleasant peaceful people who would never do any harm. To kill a or bring harm to them would be a sin. Scouts father Atticus tells his children, â€Å"I’d rather you shoot tin cans in the backyard, but I know you’ll go after birds. Shoot all the blue jays you want, if you can hit’em, but remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird.† (pRead MoreThe Symbolic Nature of Mocking Birds in In To Kill A Mockingbird by Lee Harper659 Words   |  3 Pages A mockingbird is a bird that is known for mimicking songs of other birds and insects. They do not harm people or destroy nature. All they do is make nice tones for everyone to hear. In To Kill A Mockingbird, the mockingbird symbolizes innocence; so when you kill a mockingbird, you kill the person’s innocence. In the book, Boo Radley, Tom Robinson, and the children are symbolic of the mockingbird because they show signs of innocence throughout the story. Boo Radley is symbolic of the mockingbird

Cakewalk Free Essays

The nineteenth century was brought by a great emergence of music that would change history. In the late 1980’s a change in rhythm evolved in playing piano music. Ragtime piano was introduced as a new popular way to play the piano fast and shallow. We will write a custom essay sample on Cakewalk or any similar topic only for you Order Now The measures were used to sixteen beats just like European counterparts although the music was said to be the â€Å"afro-American† version of the polka. In this thought the stereotype is drawn as â€Å"ragtime† being associated with African American people. Based on the beats in the music which produced a sousa style march, ragtime became the melody used to perform the cakewalk dance. In this article the description of the cake walk is â€Å"an Afro-American dance initially based on an elegant, stylized parody of southern white courtly manners†, the dance is stereotyped as being made for one group of people, and that being African Americans. The first African American composer to produce ragtime music was Tom Turpin which also brought along singers to become the voice of this musical form of ragtime. Following the sensation of this music, the cakewalk was always performed which then opened doors for other types of dances and songs later known as jazz. The article â€Å"Cake Walk, Shimmy, and the Charleston† the descriptions emphasis how dances performed by African American women brought unity among white and black audiences. Dancers were referred to as â€Å"Babylon girls† who expressed a positive way in which African American women were being recognized for their gender and race. They expressed themselves in these musical forms to show black freedom and feel a part of popular music. The stereotype made in this article was based upon the sexuality presented in the cakewalk dance by African American women. Many described them as to be â€Å"sexually frank and opinionated, to be figures of independence. † In reality the African American women were just a generation removed from slavery in which they had to deal with stereotypes from both from white people about their sexuality and black people about black repression for respectability. Dancing just allowed them to celebrate their freedom and express themselves freely. This era of dancing and music in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s helped bring European styled music mixed with African American rhythm to beginning the jazz era to come. The picture on the sheet music doesn’t show any negative criticism. In the imagery women and men are dressed very nicely with tall top hats and long dresses. Perhaps the women are dressed more conservative than normal women that dress in shorter dresses. The men show very wide and large lips probably indicating an African American race. How to cite Cakewalk, Essay examples

Business Research Methodology Manufacturing Industry

Questions: 1. Identify and explore YOUR future profession accounting. 2. Produce a critical review of your understanding of what it means to 'become a professional' in YOUR future profession. Answers: Project Context This study work is based on the investigation on the utilization of budgeting as a tool for planning and control in the manufacturing business such as Anambra motor manufacturing organization (ANAMMCO LTD). The purpose of the study would be to recognize the significance of budgeting since an instrument for planning and control to the procedures of the manufacturing industry which the task optimizes as the process objectives. The study research additionally is designed to identify on the procedures adopted in the formulation of the annual budgets of ANAMMCO LTD. Depending on these element the premise for the research are as follows. The managers use budgeting as an instrument for planning along with control in achieving the goals of the organization. Next, in the manufacturing industry decision making is conducted using budgeting. Finally, the utilization of the resources is accomplished with the aid of the budgeting and budgetary control. It was discovered following the investigation that organization uses budgeting in the achievement of their goals and objectives. The main objectives of the firms are inareimization of the profits and the efficiency as well as effectiveness of the organization operations is usually enhanced through the use of the budgeting. Background The business organization usually need to plan to achieve each their goals as well as objectives. Having a thorough preparing in every company cannot be accomplished without requiring appropriate budgeting. The facet of integrating on the resources and tasks for the objective attainment is paramount function of the management of each of the firm and one of the useful equipment intended to attain these planning (Aarabi Hasanian, 2014). The principle essential of planning involves the choice of the organization and the departmental goals along with the determination of the means to attain them. The budgeting relates to making of the plans and monitoring activities to be able to determine on whether or not they adapt to the plans. The idea of budgeting entails dexterity and the control. The manufacturing enterprises they could solely achieve the profit maximization by appropriately planning on the use of the obtainable resources. This might be accomplished when several activities are e ffectively coordinated and the decision taking in the business are result oriented (Adrodegari, Bacchetti, Pinto, Pirola Zanardini, 2015). The method of setting on the objectives and the objectives to be achieved in the foreseeable future time and deciding on the goals to be exercised is thought to be planning. The technique of translating with this planning to be financial target is really what is widely seen as short-term tactical planning. Budgeting is amongst the methods wherein the manufacturing organizations control the costs. Cost control lead to looking at of the resources of a firm in order to attain on the major goals of profitability, consequently it might be regarded to as cost management (Bryman Bell, 2015). To ensure that the expenses to be affordable, it is vital that you compare the costs against the industry benchmark which is an excellent indicator for the competitive standing. The business organization usually strive to achieve good result on their activities a nd make use of the budgets. The budgetary control includes the preparations of the budgets, coordination of the actual performance into the budget and to achieve maximum profitability (Bryman Bell, 2015). The research aims to find out the budgetary process that is used in the achievement of the goals. Moreover, it aims to determine on the controls which are applied in the cost reduction as well as comparison between the planned and the actual performance (Aarabi Hasanian, 2014). The organization which the study has focused is Anambra motor manufacturing company. The management of any specific group possesses the main part of attaining the objective of profit maximization (Collis Hussey, 2013). The objective of profit maximization is normally hindered throughout the period of the economic depression that capabilities on the low capability utilization, the exorbitant interest rate and shortage for the foreign exchange in buying of the raw materials Collis Hussey, 2013). The study is meant to assist in the determination and emphasizing on the issue that mitigate against the use of utilization on the budgeting as a tool for planning and control in manufacturing industry. Research Objectives The budgeting, planning, and the control are the primary components for the successful management in the manufacturing industry. The objectives of the research are; To find the significance of the budgeting as tool for planning and control in the operations of a manufacturing industry that optimizes of the profit. 2. To recognize on the methods which are implemented in the formulation and implementation of the annual budget. 3. To find out whether there is an association in regards to the kind of budget implemented and also their actual performance. 4. To ascertain whether the budgetary control as the management tool might contribute on the enhancement of the managerial efficiency and high productivity. Justification In the world of business, the main objective is maximize on the profit by providing on the good and the services at a fair, competitive as well as affordable price (Stevenson Sum, 2002). The aim of the study is significant because of determining on whether budgeting is a tool for planning and control, ascertain on the role towards ensuring of the profitability and efficient rendering of the goods and services. Definition of Terms A budget is referred to as the manual quantified in regards to monetary terms, which is prepared as well as approved prior to the defined period showing a planned income to be generated (Walther Skousen, 2014). The budget control entails the establishment of the budgets that relates to the responsibilities of the top management to the requirement of the policy and the continuous comparison to the actual budgets results. Preliminary Critical Literature Review All the organization in respective whether economic, political and the social make plans for the future. An organization that does not have a plan is uncoordinated on their objectives and goals (Shobrys White, 2002). The budget could be regarded as the program of predominant to the people in the organization that is stated with regards to the monetary terms and susceptible to the constraints made by the other individuals and environment. Based on Horngren (2000) budgeting places planning to in which is assigned to the fore front of the mind of the managers. It is attention directive since it assist the managers to concentrate on the operating or perhaps the financial issue early on adequate for effective planning (Petit, 2012). The budgetary control elements involves the predetermined plan, in relation to the financial terms to handle on all the stages of the activities of the business in this kind of a means that the expected profit is near as is possible to be realized (Petit, 2 012). The budgeting is important process for the control and the planning. A budget that is well prepared provides the management with a planned program, which is based on the investigation, research and study on the part of the entire organization. Charles describes the budget as the expression of the plan of action and the aid for the coordination and the implementation. The budget could be formulated for the business as a whole. It is a comprehensive and coordinated plan which can be expressed on the financial terms. According to Lucey, a budget has a number of benefits such as the systematic monitoring and the reporting of the activities helps the control of the current operations. The budgetary process is a significant process which is a significant way for the communication and coordination each vertically and horizontally (Kerzner, 2013). Furthermore, the integration of the budget tends to make achievable much better cash and the functioning capital management. According to McLaney and Atrill ( 1999 ) emphasizes that the worth of the budget as a strategy of what exactly is to occur and as the regular against which real efficiency is going to be measured , mostly depends on the precisely how skilfully this perform is negotiated (Lavia Lpez Hiebl, 2014). Rockness (1977), shown that the difficult budgets, existence of a foreseeable incentive structure, and some formal opinions on outcomes resulted to a better performance and a higher amount of the satisfaction of the employees. The budgetary control process could be utilized to create and sustain the competitive edge. The budget usually signify the numbers and benchmark against the performance. The facet of competitive benefit is focused on comprehending on the things you plan to attain to differentiate yourself, gain available share and entrust the competitors in the dust. The planning is usually recognized as the management function. According to Fyol, to manage entails forecast and plan, organizing, and to coordinate as well as control (Onduso, 2013). Managing is an operational process that was initially described by analyzing on the managerial functions (Kerzner, 2013). The operations such as manufacturing, accounting and purchasing could differ from one organization to another but the management functions are all the same. The act of planning could be regarded as futuristic and it is done in order to decide what has to be done and to what end (Wagner, Ullrich Transchel, 2014). When the managers talk about the corporate planning he is referring to the comprehensive business process that could involve many of the activities of planning. The planning and controlling are the fundamental parts of the process of management. The managers device future courses of the actions through planning. The managers need to make the definite steps in order to keep things in the right direction (Griffin, 2013). This is the function of control in order to complement planning by introducing on the corrective actions as plans are being implemented. Fayol in his view highlighted that control describe whether the activities occurs in the conformity with the plans which are adopted and the principles which are established (Aslan, Stevenson Hendry, 2012). The control of the operation are established through standards, and it compares to the actual performance to these standards and the correct deviations from the standards. The preparation of the budget requires the joint effort for all the executives that are involved in setting the goals and devising the policies and activating the procedures necessary to implement the goals. A comprehensive budgetary system constitutes principally on the following; the sales budget, production budget, cash budget, capital expenditure budget, pro-forma statement, and the cash budget (Kerzner, 2013). The sales budget is the starting point for the process of budgeting. It is significant in that it is an estimate of the revenue that would be generated by the company from its operation. The production budget is geared towards the sales budget and the inventory policy. The cash budget represent the cash receipts and the payment and the estimated cash balance for each month of the budget period (Walther Skousen, 2014). You budget could not look like anyone else. The key is finding the best that could work for you. Here are some examples of individuals and couples who have created budget that have work for them. One of the example is for a couple who lived without a credit. Credit could be a normal part of life, but spending more than you could earn contributes to the financial troubles. Steve and Annette Economides have lived without credit since 1982, and they believe their techniques could work for anyone. In interview with US news world report, they explained that the methods they use is that one should shop less often, and shop more frugally. Secondly, is of a young Guys strategy to pay off a debt. Isaac, 24 year old is an IT consultant in DC, lives much comfortably on the moderate salary of sixty thousand dollars annually (Kerzner, 2013). With a budget, he could manage to pay for something toward all his debt, add to the saving and to keep small amount for the occasional cocktail brunch. His goal each month is to pay eight hundred dollars toward the debt, and the others is payment of the bills. Organization of the Project This manufacturing company is a joint venture which exists between the Federal Military Government and the Daimler Benz of the West Germany. The percent of ownership of the two is 60% and 40% respectively. The organization was incorporated as the limited liability company in January 1977 (Shobrys White, 2002). The company commenced on the operation in 1981 and the installation production capacity in one shift was per annum. The company currently is a development for the long pioneering trading for the Mercedes Benz sales and its now brings Mercedes Benz Technology into Nigeria while at the same time creating employment opportunities. The following diagram highlights the Gantt diagram of the project context. Figure 1: Gantt diagram of the project context Conclusion The budget is considered an efficient tool for the management in the co-ordination of the affair of the business. Nonetheless, to make a budget, an organization ought to know in which it is going. The budget is generally ultramodern in nature, it emphasizes exactly what the business wish to attain in the future. Having a process of the budgetary control enables you to compel the management to look towards the future and use all the strategies that may be accustomed to shape the future. The envisioned statistics should be when compared with the actual contributes to the manner that is definitely timely all through the year to be able to make sure that the management understands the deviations are occurring they are having the restorative measures. References Aarabi, M., Hasanian, S. (2014). Capacity planning and control: a review. Int. Journal of Scientific Engineering Research, 5(8), 975-984. Adrodegari, F., Bacchetti, A., Pinto, R., Pirola, F., Zanardini, M. (2015). Engineer-to-order (ETO) production planning and control: an empirical framework for machinery-building companies. Production Planning Control, 26(11), 910-932. Aslan, B., Stevenson, M., Hendry, L. C. (2012). Enterprise resource planning systems: An assessment of applicability to make-to-order companies. Computers in Industry, 63(7), 692-705. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015). Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Collis, J., Hussey, R. (2013). Business research: A practical guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students. Palgrave macmillan. Kerzner, H. R. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Griffin, R. W. (2013). Fundamentals of management. Cengage Learning. Lavia Lpez, O., Hiebl, M. R. (2014). Management accounting in small and medium-sized enterprises: current knowledge and avenues for further research. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 27(1), 81-119. Onduso, E. O. (2013). The effect of budgets on financial performance of manufacturing companies in Nairobi County (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). Petit, Y. (2012). Project portfolios in dynamic environments: Organizing for uncertainty. International Journal of Project Management, 30(5), 539-553. Shobrys, D. E., White, D. C. (2002). Planning, scheduling and control systems: why cannot they work together. Computers chemical engineering, 26(2), 149-160. Stevenson, W. J., Sum, C. C. (2002). Operations management (Vol. 8). New York, NY:McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Walther, L. M., Skousen, C. J. (2014). Introduction to Managerial Accounting. Bookboon. Wagner, S. M., Ullrich, K. K., Transchel, S. (2014). The game plan for aligning the organization. Business horizons, 57(2), 189-201.